In response to our data-privacy findings, Bitdefender released a statement saying the personal information of users is collected only when necessary and only used to “maintain, improve, and build better services.” That list includes Avira Free Security Suite, Avira Antivirus Pro, Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition, and Bitdefender Internet Security. Other Windows programs lost recommended status primarily because of protection performance concerns. And that was enough to pull Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac below recommended status. Our testers found that the company did not grant users sufficient ability to control their personal data, enough information to fully grasp how the data might be shared, and assurance that data collection is limited to what’s required for the operation of the product.īitdefender received a Good data-privacy rating, but our testers found similar concerns with the controls for personal data use and the info on how data might be shared. A few antivirus programs that previously had earned a CR recommendation no longer do.ĮSET Internet Security (Windows) and ESET Cyber Security Pro (Mac) both lose the distinction, in large part because of ESET’s Fair data-privacy rating. The analysis is based on an evaluation of publicly available materials, including privacy policies, terms of use, and service statements.Īs a result, you’ll see some significant changes in the rankings. And it factors in the ability each company gives you to control your data. The score is a measure of how the company says it collects, shares, and uses your data. This year, for the first time, we’ve also given each of the software programs we evaluated a data-privacy score, using the open-source guidelines outlined in the Digital Standard. This feature allows you to erase files to prevent their recovery from your hard drive.Ī suite with this feature will periodically back up your files to another drive. These toolbars can be placed into popular browsers to help prevent phishing. If you’re about to inadvertently divulge personal information, a privacy filter will provide a warning. These block access to certain sites unsuitable for children. The antispam feature on suites (and stand-alone, and often free, programs) offers supplementary assistance if too many junk email messages are still getting through. The filters provided by many email programs or internet service providers might be all you need to block unwelcome mail. The best firewalls protect you from incoming and outgoing threats, and pop up clearly worded alerts when a potential breach is detected. This feature blocks attempts to deliver malware via instant messages.Ī firewall keeps malware from downloading and prevents a malicious website from grabbing data off your computer. For the features listed below, you’ll most likely need a pay antivirus suite. Some free antivirus suites include a firewall and child filters. Most free stand-alone anti-malware programs focus only on keeping malware from installing or downloading on your system. Some pay antivirus suites include a file shredder, or you can download the free Eraser. To eliminate that possibility, you need file-shredding software. Filters are often built into pay antivirus suites free options include Spamfighter, which we recommend.įree security toolbars available for all major browsers provide extra protection against phishing sites, especially if you’re using an older browser version or you just want extra protection.ĭeleting a file from your hard drive does not remove all electronic traces of it, which can allow someone who accesses or inherits your computer to recover some or all of the file’s data. These offer supplemental protection that you may want because your email program isn’t adequately filtering out unwanted messages. After that, you’ll typically pay an annual renewal fee. Prices usually range from $60 to $80 and include a year of service. Or you can upgrade and download it through a free trial version on your PC. You can use an antivirus suite on multiple computers-and in some cases tablets and smartphones-in the same household. You typically buy the antivirus program online and download it. The latter usually include a child filter, and often a browser toolbar that will alert you when you go to sites that host malware, and sometimes even a file shredder (explained below) and file backup software. They offer not only malware protection but also a firewall, an antispam filter, and other extras. Such suites, from brands that include Bitdefender, Eset, and Trend Micro, are meant to provide comprehensive protection in one package. On Windows 10 computers it’s called Windows Defender. But there’s also the Microsoft Security Essentials anti-malware program available as a free download for computers that run older versions of Windows. These are mostly downloads from brand names such as Avast, Avira, AVG, and Bitdefender.
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If you don't have a smart phone or want to play a physical board game rather than a digital one, then you can consider a travel game without a board, such as Bananagrams. Most are free to download and play, although many do have in-app purchase options, so be careful what you click on! Physical game options to consider There are many other word game apps out there, so you can find the one that suits you. Scrabble Cheat can be used for Scrabble Go too. These include online apps, such as Scrabble Go, available on most mobile devices, the app can be played online and is easy to use. While you can use Scrabble to kill time, there are many other options out there today for those who are looking to play word games for entertainment purposes. When you think of Scrabble, you probably think of sitting down for a long game with your family or friends. How to play word games like Scrabble wherever you are So, you'll be able to improve your game skills and your vocabulary when you use our innovative word finder tool. You'll be taken to a definition page, where you can read all about the word, how it's used and more. Other great uses for our Scrabble Cheat solutionĪlso, if you want to improve your vocabulary skills while you're playing Scrabble, crossword puzzles, word jumbles or other word games, then just click on the new words the scrable cheat shows you. While it's easy to be put off by the term Scrabble Cheat, our tools are simply a time-saving solution for devoted players who want to make the most of their letters. This Word Finder is easy to use and will allow you to quickly and easily find words to play in a range of word games. If you're new to playing word games and want to know what a Scrabble Cheat is and how it can work for you, then you're in luck! Scrabble Cheat will unscramble letters and find all the Scrabble words you need to win at this or any other word game. We use an Open Source Scrabble Dictionary and include word scores for Scrabble ®, Words With Friends and Wordfeud - chosen via the Dictionary option. Whatever games you love playing you can use our word finder to select the best words every time. Use ? for blank tiles and our Scrabble Cheat Tool will do the rest. This innovative Scrabble Cheat is really easy to use, just enter up to 12 letters into the search box, click the Solve button and all possible words will be shown. Our Scrabble Cheat Tool can be used for many online word puzzle games, including Scrabble Go, Words with Friends and Wordfeud. In the case of payment by bank transfer, the order will only be processed after the money has been credited to our account, which may take an additional 2-3 business days. During discounts and in December, the order processing time may increase up to 7 working days. Order processed within 3-5 working days after payment confirmation, after which we transfer your order to the delivery service.The maximum weight of one parcel is 30 kg.Delivery can take up to 1,5 months.ĭelivery in Ukraine is paid and only by mail, the amount of delivery is calculated depending on the weight.ĭelivery to other countries of the world: Shipping costs can be calculated by adding the item to your shopping cart. To Malta, Cyprus, Greek, Canary, Aland, Azores - we send parcels only by mail. Paid DHL express delivery: 2-3 business days after order processing.Standard Mail Delivery: 8-16 working days after order processing.Standard delivery by courier services: 6-12 business days after order processing.You can calculate the express shipping cost by adding the item to your shopping cart. When ordering from €49.99 - we deliver the package for free! For smaller orders, standard shipping costs €14.99. Needlework, creativity, housekeeping, leisureĭelivery across the countries of geographic Europe (including the UK, Norway): We send orders by mail, UPS, HRX, DPD and DHL.Popular science and educational literature.We will find any book for you, even if it is not in our warehouse. When ordering 50 euros or more from the next order - a permanent 100% discount on any purchase in the online store kniga.lv. No customs duties, taxes and additional payments, everything is already included in the price. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to any country in Europe. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to the Czech Republic. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Portugal. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Switzerland. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Norway. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Finland. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Sweden. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to the Netherlands. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Belgium. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Italy. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Spain. Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to Germany, Free shipping on orders over 50 euros to France. Free shipping on orders over 000 euros to the UK. There are always at least 12 titles of books in stock, we really have a lot of books. Fast delivery to any country in Europe from a warehouse in Riga. (Photo by Jeff Kravitz/Getty Images for HBO) Alexa Demie in custom Balenciaga LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – JANUARY 05: Alexa Demie attends HBO’s “Euphoria” Season 2 Photo Call at Goya Studios on Januin Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Jeff Kravitz/Getty Images for HBO) Hunter Schafer in custom Prada LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – JANUARY 05: Hunter Schafer attends HBO’s “Euphoria” Season 2 Photo Call at Goya Studios on Januin Los Angeles, California. Zendaya in vintage Valentino LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – JANUARY 05: Zendaya attends HBO’s “Euphoria” Season 2 Photo Call at Goya Studios on Januin Los Angeles, California. Missing an appearance from Barbie Ferreira, the rest of the cast dressed to the nines in celebration of Euphoria’s next chapter, coming to our screens January 9th. As we await the dramatic return of Rue, Jules, Maddy, Cassie, Kat, Lexi, Nate, Fez, and the debut of new characters, the trials and tribulations of these beloved characters stand as some of the most highly anticipated stories to unfold. With last season garnering three Emmy awards, including Zendaya’s historic win for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, Euphoria’s brigade of troubled teens envelops some of the most compelling and poignant portrayals in television today. Jacob Elordi, Colman Domingo, Dominic Fike, and Angus Cloud all made their own unique menswear points with Cloud making a splash in bright orange Versace. The leading ladies weren’t the only ones to make striking sartorial statements. Sydney Sweeney stunned in custom Miu Miu while her on-screen sister Maude Apatow shimmered in Saint Laurent. Hunter Schafer opted for a burgundy Prada piece while Alexa Demie called upon Balenciaga’s creative director Demna for a custom black sequin gown, similar to one previously worn by “ Balenci Baby” Kim Kardashian. With Law Roach’s invincible knack for pulling the most pristine archival fashion pieces, Zendaya came locked and loaded in a vintage Valentino Spring/Summer 1992 black and white striped strapless gown. With Zendaya leading the way, the most stylish up-and-comers gathered last night for the HBO hit series’ season two premiere event at LA’s Goya Studios. We knew Euphoria‘s star-studded cast would serve some incredibly fashion-forward looks on the red carpet. (Photo by Jeff Kravitz/Getty Images for HBO) LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA – JANUARY 05: Zendaya attends HBO’s “Euphoria” Season 2 Photo Call at Goya Studios on Januin Los Angeles, California. Note: You only need to follow step 1 and 2 if you have never used Siri Shortcuts before. Now add any shortcut you like, and run it once. Open the app, tap the Gallery tab which is on the bottom right.Follow the steps to send WhatsApp message to unsaved number without adding contact via Siri Shortcuts. This uses Siri Shortcuts, which is an app made by Apple that works on devices running iOS 12 or newer versions. If you're an iPhone user, there's an easier method to do the job for you. How to send a WhatsApp Message to a non-contact via Siri Shortcuts That's it, you can now WhatsApp people without adding a contact. Here's how to send WhatsApp messages without adding contact. Thus, it is always better to stay away from such apps and not put your smartphone's security at risk. There are some third-party apps out there that let you send messages on WhatsApp without adding contact but using these apps is not recommended as it can compromise your security, and may even get your WhatsApp account banned. That's why we are going to tell you how to send WhatsApp messages without adding contact. This is an important feature because lots of WhatsApp privacy settings are restricted to “My Contacts” and you may not want every random person saved in your phone book to be able to see your profile picture, for example. As basic as it sounds, there's no official workaround to send WhatsApp messages to unsaved numbers. How to send message without number in WhatsApp, or how to send WhatsApp message without adding contact. WhatsApp is one of the most popular messaging apps in the world and while it's really easy to use, there's one annoyance that has frustrated us for a very long time. Adminer is also bundled with Nette Framework (which this site runs on).Source codes (.zip, 785 kB), Current development version.Adminer 4.8.1 for MySQL (.php, 356 kB), English only (.php, 208 kB).Screencast about Adminer features and using plugins (19:31, by Igor Hlina) Downloads See detailed comparison.Īdminer development priorities are: 1. Replace phpMyAdmin with Adminer and you will get a tidier user interface, better support for MySQL features, higher performance and more security. Open demo Why is Adminer better than phpMyAdmin? Insert Mapping Tagsįor each mapping you have generated, you will need to create a mapping tag in to point Hibernate to your mapping resource. One or more POJOs are created based on the reverse-engineering setting in the previous step. In the Exporters tab, check Domain code (.java) and Hibernate XML Mappings (hbm.xml).Click the Setup button, click Use Existing, and select the location of the file (inside src folder in this demo). Enable the Reverse Engineer from JDBC Connection checkbox.Click Browse by Output directory and select src. In the Console configuration drop-down menu, select the Hibernate configuration file you created in the previous section.From the menu bar, click Run -> Hibernate Code Generation -> Hibernate Code Generation Configurations.Click Finish when you are done.įollow the steps below to generate plain old Java objects (POJO) for the CSV tables.
He also promised her that they would see each other again in another life. In addition, the drama became a trending topic due to its surprising ending that showed Hwang Hee Tae's undying love for Kim Myung Min. "Youth of May" finale lands with a high viewership after garnering an average nationwide rating of 4.6 and 5.6 percent for its two parts, as cited by Nielsen Korea. "If up until now, Soo Chan showed his sense of responsibility as the eldest son to protect those around him, this scene perfectly portrays a turning point where he discovers a different sense of responsibility, so it was memorable." READ MORE: 'Youth of May' Episode 12: Lee Do Hyun's Heartbreaking Promise to Go Min Si "Youth of May" Finale Lastly, Geum Sae Rok's on-screen brother, Lee Sang Yi, says that one of the remarkable scenes was Lee Soo Chan being awakened to the government's wrongdoings. In addition, she says that she won't be able to forget the memories they've had together with the team. On the other hand, Geum Sae Rok, who plays the activist Lee Soo Ryun, cited that "Youth of May," especially her character dubbed as the "Joan of Arc," served a meaningful moment to her. However, she chose to be by Hwang Hee Tae's side amid the chaos brought by the Gwangju Uprising. The 26-year-old actress portrays the feisty nurse Kim Myung Hee, who plans to study in Germany through a scholarship grant. "Thank you to our writer and director who created such a great Myung Hee, all of the cast and crew, and the viewers who gave us lots of love." Meanwhile, Go Min Si echoed the same stance and expressed her gratitude and appreciation to fans, viewers, as well as their director Song Min Yeop and screenwriter Lee Kang for creating exceptional characters. Lee Sang-yi ( Once Again) and Geum Sae-rok ( Class of Lies) have been lined up as second leads. In the Kdrama "Youth of May," Lee Do Hyun plays Hwang Hee Tae- the Gwangju-born medical student from Seoul National University.Īmid his wealthy lifestyle, he has a complicated relationship with his father, Hwang Gi Nam (Oh Man Suk), who works for the Defense agency and the reason behind the arrest of several civilians. Casting has been confirmed for KBS’s new romance drama Youth of May with Lee Do-hyun ( Sweet Home, Eighteen Again) and Go Min-shi ( Sweet Home, Secret Boutique) in leading roles. In addition, he also thanked fans and viewers for their positive response and support for the drama. "I can't believe 'Youth of May' has come to an end," adding, "I thought about this for a long time, but every scene and every line is precious and memorable, so it's hard to pick just one." A post shared by KBS 드라마 "18 Again" actor was asked about his memorable scene in the drama, to which he replied that everything is significant to him. EDT.ĭJ Hek Yeh, a Winston-Salem native who has opened for the likes of Steve Aoki, Waka Flocka, 2 Chainz, Snoop Dogg and Dirty Heads, will take to the stage at 3 p.m. The Saturday line-up of programming in the Cowboy Days Festival will be headlined by musical performances by DJ Hek Yeh at 3 p.m. Eventgoers are encouraged to wear their finest cowboy boots and daisy dukes, with the first 4,000 fans to enter the venue later that evening to receive a Carolina Cowboys cowbell courtesy of Funkaway.īefore the event, the Cowboy Days Festival at Greensboro Coliseum will open at 3:00 p.m. Saturday’s event will feature a Boots and Dukes theme. Tickets are still available online at and PBR.com, at the Greensboro Coliseum Box Office, or by calling PBR customer service at 1-80. PBR Cowboy Days continues on Saturday, Sept. The Rattlers’ win included scores from Brady Oleson, Brady Fielder, Braidy Randolph and Trace Redd, who logged the first 90-point ride of his Teams career, marked 91 points on Hunter. The Texas Rattlers went a near-perfect 4-for-5 to defeat the reigning Champion Nashville Stampede by 257.5 points, 342.5-85. 5 in the league with a 10-10 season record. 3 in the league ahead of their next game against the Texas Rattlers. Kansas City, now 1-0 in North Carolina and 11-9 this season, remained No. Despite the loss, Freedom closer Caden Bunch concluded the game for Oklahoma on a high note, delivering the first 90-point ride of his career in the league, topping Hoka Hey for 90.5 points. Kansas City clinched the game win early after jumping to an early lead via scores from Kyler Oliver and Koltin Hevalow, ultimately defeating Oklahoma by 101 points, 261.25-160.25. The opening game in North Carolina featured a showdown between the Kansas City Outlaws and Oklahoma Freedom. Missouri will attempt to rebound when game play continues, scheduled to take on the Nashville Stampede on Saturday. The walk-off win was a league-best sixth for Leme. Courtesy of a crucial 87.5-point ride from two-time PBR World Champion Jose Vitor Leme in the bottom of the fifth, the Gamblers beat the Thunder by 86 points, 174.75-88.75. The Gamblers earned a walk-off victory of their own over the Missouri Thunder on Friday. Arizona will look to complete the sweep of Austin, having upset the team during their three previous showdowns. 1 Austin Gamblers for the fourth time this season. They will seek their first win inside Greensboro Coliseum when they next play the league No. They will look to continue their upward momentum and improve to 2-0 at PBR Cowboy Days when they take on the Oklahoma Freedom when the event continues Saturday, Sept. The victory improved Carolina to 10-10 this season, allowing them to rise from No. Paired with Black As Coal, Davis delivered his first walk-off win for Carolina, riding the powerful animal athlete for 87.25 points to earn Carolina the win by 4.5 points, 178.25-173.75. While Arizona closer Keyshawn Whitehorse delivered for his team, giving Arizona back an 82.75-point lead after he rode Magic Carpet for 86 points, it would not prove enough for the might of Carolina closer Davis. Seven-time PRCA champion Sage Kimzey was first to strike, delivering a mammoth 91-point ride on Mike’s Motive to give his team a slim 3.25-point lead and setting up a must-ride situation for Arizona in the top of the fifth. Arizona had jumped to an early lead in the top of the first via a qualified ride from Luciano De Castro.Ĭarolina, however, found their momentum when it mattered most. – The Carolina Cowboys began their PBR (Professional Bull Riders) Camping World Team Series homestand in Greensboro, North Carolina, in electric form, propelled to a thrilling walk-off win against the Arizona Ridge Riders courtesy of a crucial bottom-of-the-fifth score from 2016 PBR World Champion Cooper Davis.Īfter being shut out through the game’s first three frames, the Carolina Cowboys trailed by 87.25 points as the fourth got underway. Coop is a new rider this year at 5 yrs old, and catching on quickly. Drayden is 6 years old, turns 7 September 20th, he loves racing and has been racing local races since he was 4, we are hoping to be able to make it to a national or 2 next year! He has a 07 drr 70 and loves it See More User ( 01:52) Cooper Harmon Welcome to the #DAWGPOUND Rider Bio. See More User ( 01:55) Drayden Smith Welcome to the #DAWGPOUND Rider Bio. Engine Builds - Apparel - ATVs - Dirtbikes If your in the hunt for a championship make sure your rider has what they need to get on the podium See More User ( 16:52) We just recd a shipment of our Mach1 Handbuilt exhausts and stamped X Pipes If you need one - same day shipping No waiting - no back orders User ( 02:11) 2Fast Cylinder & Cranks - In transit to GForce! Reserve Yours Today!! - …/2fast-cylinder-cra nks-in-transit-to-gf… User ( 21:29) Camden Curry Welcome to the #DAWGPOUND Rider Bio. See More User ( 21:19) Just a reminder that we offer financing You can finance your - Parts Orders. I really enjoy racing in the mud and getting to ride every chance I get in a few GNCC local races. I won my class championship last year in the MSHS Series. Hi I am 11 years old and ride a Yamaha Raptor 125. I’m excited to learn more and practice hard for the rest of the year and to earn more podium finishes and a 1st place championship next year! See More User ( 03:12) Madyson & Emmie LeMere Madyson & Emmie lemereTranslated User ( 22:49) Austin Kiger Welcome to the #DAWGPOUND! Rider Bio. I am currently holding 2nd overall in points for this year’s Championship and my lap times are improving every weekend. My first race was in 2018 in the World Off Road Championship Series (WORCS) where I earned 3rd place in the overall points Championship. My parents got me my first quad when I was 3 and I have loved riding ever since. In my free time I enjoy taking care of the animals on my farm which include pigs, chickens, ducks and goats. My name is Colton and I love all the outdoors has to offer. ONLINE PRICING IS IN NO WAY HONORABLE OR GUARANTEED IN STORE.What Others Say About This Business: User ( 02:16) Elizabeth Knight - a local lady tearing it up! User ( 19:40) Colton Vadasy Welcome to the #DAWGPOUND! Rider Bio. PLEASE NOTE: ONLINE PARTS PRICING DOES NOT REFLECT CURRENT IN STORE PRICING. To get the parts you need for your motorcycle or other powersports vehicle, you can always give us a call at (720) 753-4313, come on in, or send us a parts request. Experience the best in quality, performance, and customer service with G-Force Powersports. Visit G-Force Powersports today and browse our extensive selection of OEM and aftermarket parts, as well as our vast range of riding gear for all powersports categories. Our team of experts is always available to assist you with any questions or concerns you may have, whether it's about our products, installation, or maintenance. From helmets, jackets, gloves, boots, and other accessories, we have everything you need to stay protected and comfortable while out riding.Īt G-Force, we are committed to providing our customers with the best products and services. Our team of experts can help you find the right aftermarket parts for your vehicle and provide guidance on installation and maintenance.īut that's not all - we also offer a comprehensive collection of riding gear for all types of riders. That's why we carry an extensive selection of OEM parts from leading brands to ensure that your vehicle runs smoothly and efficiently.įor those who are looking to upgrade or customize their ride, we also offer a range of aftermarket parts that can enhance performance, improve aesthetics, or add extra features. We are proud to offer a vast range of products, including OEM and aftermarket parts, as well as riding gear for all powersports categories, including offroad, motocross, street riding, watercraft, snowmobiling, and more.Īt G-Force, we understand that maintaining and upgrading your powersports vehicle is essential to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Welcome to G-Force Powersports, your go-to destination for all your powersports needs. Green et al., Chemically specific imaging and in-situ chemical analysis of articular cartilage with stimulated Raman scattering. Talbot, Efficient leave-one-out cross-validation of kernel fisher discriminant classifiers. Song, Research on the correlation chart of near infrared spectra by using multiple scatter correction technique. Mclean et al., Automated autofluorescence background subtraction algorithm for biomedical Raman spectroscopy. Shang et al., Design and application of small NIR-Raman spectrometer base on dichroic and transmission collimating. Brandt, Hypertrophic repair of canine articular cartilage in osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament transection. Liu et al., Near-infrared confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA–DA multivariate analysis for detection of esophageal cancer. Huang et al., Timber NIR identification based on the principal component analysis and Fisher discriminant analysis. Ryder, Classification of narcotics in solid mixtures using principal component analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Moore, Principal component analysis in linear systems: controllability, observability, and model reduction. Braatz, Fault diagnosis in chemical processes using Fisher discriminant analysis, discriminant partial least squares, and principal component analysis. Revista Brasileira De Engenharia Biomedica 31(2), 160–168 (2015) Giana et al., Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. Wu et al., Ensemble multivariate analysis to improve identification of articular cartilage disease in noisy Raman spectra. Sergo, Effects of sample orientation in Raman microspectroscopy of collagen fibers and their impact on the interpretation of the amide III band. Wan et al., Detection of depth-depend changes in porcine cartilage after wear test using Raman spectroscopy. Winlove, Lipid distribution, composition and uptake in bovine articular cartilage studied using Raman micro-spectrometry and confocal microscopy. Mletzko et al., Bone tissue aging affects mineralization of cement lines. Peyman et al., Biochemical fingerprint of colorectal cancer cell lines using label-free live single-cell Raman spectroscopy. Esmonde-White, Raman spectroscopy of soft musculoskeletal tissues. Kozielski et al., Identifying compositional and structural changes in spongy and subchondral bone from the hip joints of patients with osteoarthritis using Raman spectroscopy. Vittur et al., Chemical imaging of articular cartilage sections with Raman mapping, employing uni- and multi-variate methods for data analysis. Kuettner, Biochemistry of articular cartilage in health and disease. Yin, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging on articular cartilage and osteoarthritis. Wang et al., Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage through dynamic loading of chondrocyte-seeded agarose gels. It suggests that Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning is capable to become an effective tool to achieve in situ identification of multi-period OA with high accuracy and preclinical significance. Based on the PCA getting five principal components, all groups were effectively discriminated by Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) with high accuracy of 91.07% for the validation set, as well as 95.45% for the test set. Raman spectra combined with principal component analysis (PCA) further disclosed that collagen matrix became unordered, both content ratios of amide I/matrix and phenylalanine/matrix in OA cartilage and subchondral bone increased. The mixed Raman spectra of cartilage and subchondral bone were collected and analyzed, which reveals subchondral bone demineralization and carbonate ion substituting into the apatite mineral during OA. It was found that the degeneration degree of cartilage was positively correlated with post-operative time by doing anatomical analysis. Other two normal canines were used as control. Nine canines were equally divided into three groups according to the post-operative (OA modeling) time of 2-month, 3-month and 7-month. A home-made small-sized Raman spectrometer combined with machine learning algorithms was used to study and identify healthy and multi-period osteoarthritis (OA) canine knee joints. |
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